![]() Hastie KM, Li H, Bedinger D, Schendel SL, Dennison SM, Li K, Rayaprolu V, Yu X, Mann C, Zandonatti M, Diaz Avalos R, Zyla D, Buck T, Hui S, Shaffer K, Hariharan C, Yin J, Olmedillas E, Enriquez A, Parekh D, Abraha M, Feeney E, Horn GQ CoVIC-DB team1, Aldon Y, Ali H, Aracic S, Cobb RR, Federman RS, Fernandez JM, Glanville J, Green R, Grigoryan G, Lujan Hernandez AG, Ho DD, Huang KA, Ingraham J, Jiang W, Kellam P, Kim C, Kim M, Kim HM, Kong C, Krebs SJ, Lan F, Lang G, Lee S, Leung CL, Liu J, Lu Y, MacCamy A, McGuire AT, Palser AL, Rabbitts TH, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Sajadi MM, Sanders RW, Sato AK, Schweizer L, Seo J, Shen B, Snitselaar JJ, Stamatatos L, Tan Y, Tomic MT, van Gils MJ, Youssef S, Yu J, Yuan TZ, Zhang Q, Peters B, Tomaras GD, Germann T, Saphire EO. References: Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A global consortium study. Developing Therapeutics and Vaccines for Coronaviruses.Novel Coronavirus Structure Reveals Targets for Vaccines and Treatments. ![]() Potent Antibodies Found in People Recovered From COVID-19.Potent Neutralizing Antibodies Target New Regions of Coronavirus Spike.How COVID-19 Variants Evade Immune Response.“This breadth of antibodies makes our study more comprehensive than previous studies that might have looked at antibodies from a small pool of survivors.” ![]() ![]() “The CoVIC contributors used different strategies to find these antibodies,” explains co-first author Dr. “If you are making an antibody cocktail, you’d want at least one of those antibodies in there because they are probably going to maintain their efficacy against most variants,” says co-first author Dr. Antibodies from the mutation-resistant communities could be vital components of such a cocktail. A cocktail of antibodies from many communities would likely be more effective than one from any single community. The results also provide a framework for identifying the most effective antibody cocktail. “This map provides a reference to help predict which antibodies are still effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern like the currently surging Delta variant.” “We were able to map the geography of Spike and understand which antibodies bind to which footprints,” Saphire says. These communities could neutralize the virus effectively regardless of which mutations were present. But three communities had footprints elsewhere on the spike. These mutations could inhibit neutralization by antibodies whose footprints overlapped this area. Many mutations occur where the spike protein contacts its host cell receptor. The effects of mutations depended in part on which community antibodies belonged to. The researchers also measured how well antibodies were able to neutralize viruses carrying various spike mutations. This analysis confirmed that each community of antibodies recognized a distinct part of the RBD. Based on these competition patterns, the researchers grouped the antibodies into seven “communities.” Using electron microscopy, they determined each community’s “footprint”- where it binds on the surface. This suggests that the competing antibodies were binding to the same part of the spike protein. When binding to the spike protein, certain pairs of antibodies competed with each other, while others did not. Most of the antibodies examined target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Results of the study were published in Science on September 23, 2021. The consortium analyzes these antibodies in a standardized fashion. NIH’s National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) provided funding.ĬoVIC now includes 370 antibodies against the spike protein that were contributed by more than 50 partners around the world. Erica Ollmann Saphire at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology established the Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (CoVIC). To build this level of understanding, researchers led by Dr. Such an understanding could also help in predicting how new mutations may affect treatment. Doing so requires a detailed understanding of how various antibodies bind to the spike protein. Scientists would like to develop improved antibody therapies that the virus cannot evade through mutation. Such mutations could allow the virus to evade antibody-based defenses. But many mutations have arisen in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein since the virus first emerged. The body’s defense against SARS-CoV-2 relies on antibodies against the viral spike protein. Spike proteins on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, with antibodies in different colors representing the possible antibody-Spike binding patterns for each RBD community.
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